| Descripción: |
Today, manufacturing systems have evolved with the arrival of new technologies and production paradigms, depending on the implementation and evolution of cyber-physical systems (CPS), that represent the key technology to implement the modern complex requirements of manufacturing. CPS can be divided into an entity and its corresponding scenarios. The entity integrates all the information regarding the physical object or system, while the scenarios represent the entire context in which the entity is involved, including static and dynamic information. Static information includes data such as equipment structure and geographic location, while dynamic information involves data about the environment, energy consumption, operation, among others. Therefore, the correct application of any CPS must be focused on its respective scenarios such as the control of production through the factory, or the control of production stages through the product. The full potential for any CPS can only be achieved by the integration between the entity and its corresponding scenarios. This research presents an analysis about CPS and the most recent manufacturing paradigms, as well as an analysis about the production control scenarios from the perspective of the main types of CPS involved in manufacturing, described using the five-dimensional model (physical object, virtual counterpart, connection, data, and services) proposed by Grieves. These CPSs are smart factories, smart products, and cyber-physical production systems, which, while sharing the basics of CPSs in general, also present differences in their activities and scenarios according to their function, structure, context, and environment. But being intelligent devices with the ability to reason and act, they have the capability to manage production autonomously.
Keywords: Smart manufacturing, cyber-physical systems, cyber-physical production systems, intelligent manufacturing systems, smart products, smart factories.
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